[LANDMARKS IN THE MEDICAL HISTORY OF ISRAEL - IS IT TRULY INTERWEAVING WITHIN THE ISRAELI POSTAL STAMP].

INTRODUCTION: Issuing postal stamps is the main sign of a nation's independence. The first stamps series of Israel were issued a mere two days after the declaration of Israel's independence. Since then, almost 1750 postal stamps were issued as a single unit or different stamps series. These stamps delineate and emphasize innovations, military and civilian technological developments, the high holidays and nature as well as respecting important national figures and holidays. The aim of our historical search of philately (stamps collection) through the 20th century till today was to find out the frequency of the interweaving of medicine, medical developments and the tribute to outstanding figures, in all medical fields, and their contribution during peace and war periods in Israeli stamps. The thorough research study revealed only 16 stamps that were issued perpetuating medical disciplines - 0.9% of all stamps. Despite their national and worldwide significance there were no stamps commemorating many medical and surgical fields. I did not find reminiscence of our military medical developments that have become a competent authority for numerous armies all over the world. Organ transplantation, surgical innovations and the large group of women physicians and surgeons that took leadership in several medical fields have no presence in our postal stamps. Nowadays, philately has lost its importance as a financial value for the prompt e-mails. I believe philately should be encouraged to issue current postal stamps dedicated to "blue and white" medicine, a thing that is even more adequate these days in which all the medical community was enlisted to battle the new corona pandemic.

Chemistry in the mail: Stamps from around the globe and public science communication in the twentieth century.

Postage stamps are designed to convey messages that reverberate symbolically with broad swaths of the public, and their content has been employed as a window into how members of the public understand the ideas represented therein. In this rhetorical analysis, we analyze Philadelphia's Science History Institute's Witco Stamp Collection, which features 430 stamps from countries around the globe dating from 1910 to 1983, to identify how chemistry is portrayed in this ubiquitous medium. We find the vernacular of science reflected and supported by these images functions to (a) define chemistry in terms of its invisibility and abstraction; (b) uphold chemical operations as instrumental and daedal, or exceptional, in nature; and (c) delineate practitioners of chemistry as-on the whole-privileged and preternatural. Our findings reveal some of the overarching communicative tools made available to twentieth-century non-experts for articulating chemistry as an enterprise and reveal how those tools positioned chemistry in terms of values related to opacity and exclusivity.

“TU SELLO” 430 Aniversario de la Orden de San Juan de Dios en Palencia / “TU SELLO” 430th Anniversary of the Order of San Juan de Dios in Palencia

Introducción: San Juan de Dios nace en Portugal en 1495. En el Real Monasterio de Santa María de Guadalupe, en Cáceres, se forma en el cuidado de los enfermos. Regresa a Granada y comienza a dedicarse al cuidado de los pobres sin hogar y los enfermos, instituyendo un hospital para tales fines. Muere el 8 de marzo de 1550. El primer sello postal que conmemora a San Juan de Dios es emitido en Portugal en 1949 con ocasión del IV Centenario de su muerte. Metodología: Para llevar a cabo el análisis del “TU SELLO”, se ha utilizado el método iconográfico-iconológico de Panofsky. Resultados: Se presenta el “TU SELLO” emitido en conmemoración del “430 Aniversario de la Orden de San Juan de Dios en Palencia”. El diseño se basa en el grupo escultórico creado por Óscar Aragón, que se inauguró el 4 de diciembre de 2017, con motivo del 425 aniversario de la presencia de la Orden en Palencia. En el sello aparece un arco que simboliza la puerta del hospital de San Juan de Dios de Palencia y, por otro lado, dos figuras que representan a San Juan de Dios abrazando y ayudando, en un gesto de protección, a otra figura que es una representación alegórica de la enfermedad. Discusión: La utilización de los sellos personalizados es una manera de dar a conocer, a través de la filatelia, acontecimientos, personajes, hechos relevantes o efemérides que de otra manera no tendrían su reflejo en el sello postal, dada la limitada y exigente política de los servicios filatélicos de los distintos países para incluir en sus emisiones todo lo que de relevante puede ocurrir a lo largo de un año. Este ha sido, y no otro, el objetivo de emitir este “TU SELLO” homenaje al 430 Aniversario de la Orden de San Juan de Dios en Palencia (AU)

Introduction: St. Juan de Dios was born in Portugal in 1495. In the Royal Monastery of Santa María de Guadalupe, in Cáceres, he was trained in the care of the sick. He returns to Granada and begins to dedicate himself to the care of the poor homeless and the sick, establishing a hospital for such purposes. He died on March 8, 1550. The first postage stamp commemorating St. Juan de Dios was issued in Portugal in 1949 on the IV Centenary of his death. Methodology: To carry out the analysis of " TU SELLO ", the iconographic-iconological method of Panofsky has been used. Results: The "TU SELLO" issued in commemoration of the "430th Anniversary of the Order of St. Juan de Dios in Palencia" is presented. The design is based on the sculptural group created by Óscar Aragón, which was inaugurated on December 4, 2017, on the 425th anniversary of the presence of the Order in Palencia. In the stamp appears an arch that symbolizes the door of the hospital of St. Juan de Dios in Palencia and, on the other side, two figures that represent St. Juan de Dios, embracing and helping, in a gesture of protection, another figure that is an allegorical representation of the disease. Discussion: The use of personalized stamps is a way of making known, through philately, events, characters, relevant facts, or ephemeris that otherwise would not be reflected in the postage stamp, given the limited and demanding policy of philatelist services from different countries to include in their issues every relevant event that may occur over the course of a year. This has been, and no other, the objective of issuing this "TU SELLO" tribute to the 430th Anniversary of the Order of St. Juan de Dios in Palencia (AU)

Homenaje filatélico y documental a la matrona Teresa Rodríguez Braza (1928-2017) / Philatelic and documentary tribute to the midwife Teresa Rodríguez Braza (1928-2017)

Teresa Rodríguez Braza nació en Sanlúcar de Barrameda en 1928. Realizó el Bachillerato en Cádiz (1945-1948). A principio de los años cincuenta obtuvo los títulos de Practicante y Matrona en la Facultad de Medicina de Cádiz, influida por sus tías Teresa, Luisa y María, que también ejercieron esta profesión. Realizaba la asistencia a los partos en las casas, con escasos recursos, circunstancias que eran superadas por su vocación y su profesionalidad, en una época en que la pobreza estaba muy presente [Fragmento de texto] (AU)

Analysing malaria events from 1840 to 2020: the narrative told through postage stamps.

The role played by postage stamps in the history of malaria control and eradication has largely gone unrecognized. Scientific investigators of malaria, especially Nobel laureates, were commemorated with special issues, but the work of the World Health Organization (WHO), which promoted an ambitious and global philatelic initiative in 1962 to support global eradication, is generally overlooked. This review examines the philatelic programme that helped to generate international commitment to the goal of malaria eradication in 1962 and established philatelic malaria icons that had worldwide recognition. Malaria-related postage stamps have continued to be issued since then, but the initial failure of malaria eradication and the changing goals of each new malaria programme, inevitably diluted their role. After the first Global Malaria Eradication Campaign was discontinued in 1969, few Nations released philatelic issues. Since the Spirit of Dakar Call for Action in 1996 a resurgence of postage stamp releases has occurred, largely tracking global malaria control initiatives introduced between 1996 and 2020. These releases were not co-ordinated by the WHO as before, were more commercialized and targeted stamp collectors, especially with attractive miniature sheets, often produced by photomontage. Having a different purpose, they demonstrated a much wider diversity in symbolism than the earlier stylized issues and at times, have been scientifically inaccurate. Nonetheless postage stamps greatly helped to communicate the importance of malaria control programmes to a wide audience and to some extent, have supported preventive health messages.

[Historical milestones for the control of severe infections and sepsis in pediatrics. Approach through medical philately]. / Hitos históricos para el control de las infecciones graves y la sepsis en pediatría. Aproximación a través de la filatelia médica.

Medical philately, with its diverse themes, is a faithful testimony of the historical events that have affected humanity. Likewise, it allows us to evidence its role as a diffuser of diverse prevention cam paigns carried out to control and eradicate serious infections, together with other achievements of health policy in the child population. Nowadays, the knowledge and collection of postage stamps is an increasingly unusual pastime. On the other hand, sometimes there is a marked historical ignoran ce and lack of appreciation of the effective actions for the control of infectious diseases, forgetting the enormous effect of these on the daily life of the current society. Through the visual testimony offe red by the postage stamps, we review the sanitary, educational, and therapeutic actions destined to control the infections in the pediatric patient, with emphasis on our country. In addition, we discuss the new populations at risk for the appearance of septic episodes. Even today, serious infections and sepsis represent an important public health problem.

Emile Letournel: Pioneer of Acetabular Surgery.

Stamp Vignettes focus on biographical details and accomplishments related to science and medicine, and not individual views and prejudices except when they had a major impact on the subject's life. The authors of Stamp Vignettes do not intend to imply any endorsement of such views when discussing a Stamp Vignette on Medical Science.

The Doctor Stamp and COVID-19: A Perspective.

Sources from literature and art continue to offer perspectives on episodes of collective sense of loss and despair from unavoidable tragedies. The Doctor Stamp, based on the famous painting by British artist Sir Luke Fildes (1844-1927), was issued in 1947 by the US Postal Service to commemorate the first centennial of the founding of the American Medical Association. At the time of issue, the US was in the middle of the mid-century polio epidemic. The author obtained two First Day Covers of The Doctor Stamp, one of which was addressed to Dr. George Minot, who shared the 1934 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for developing the treatment for pernicious anemia. The conjunction of these events-an anniversary, an incurable virus epidemic, and a doctor who found a treatment for a devastating condition of unknown etiology-offer those suffering from a sense of loss and despair due to COVID-19 some hopeful anticipation of better days to come.

HIV and AIDS: a philatelic medical review.

The postage stamp can serve as a means of promoting the social, educational and philanthropic aspects of the fight against diseases in general and infectious diseases (such as AIDS, associated with HIV infection) in particular. The recent but eventful history of this virus and the disease that it causes has prompted the issue of a considerable number of postage stamps worldwide - barely fewer than the number dedicated to combating tuberculosis and malaria. The present semiotic review of 356 international postage stamps on HIV/AIDS is the first to have used a multicriterion evaluation grid based on the interpretation of indices, icons, and symbols. The stereotypes and the most novel representations and the messages conveyed on the cultural and ideological levels are thus characterized with regard to the disease's historical, scientific and epidemiological contexts. This analysis concludes with a humanist plea as an illustration of Hippocratic and Galenic values: prevention, education, solidarity, empathy, healthcare, and research.

[HIV and AIDS: a philatelic medical review]. / VIH et sida : une revue philatélique médicale.

The postage stamp can serve as a means of promoting the social, educational and philanthropic aspects of the fight against disease in general and infectious diseases (such as AIDS, associated with HIV infection) in particular. The recent but eventful history of this virus and the disease that it causes has prompted the issue of a considerable number of postage stamps worldwide - barely fewer than the number dedicated to combating tuberculosis and malaria. The present semiotic review of 356 international postage stamps on HIV/AIDS is the first to have used a multicriterion evaluation grid based on the interpretation of indices, icons, and symbols. The stereotypes and the most novel representations and the messages conveyed on the cultural and ideological levels are thus characterized with regard to the disease's historical, scientific and epidemiological context. This analysis concludes with a humanist plea as an illustration of Hippocratic and Galenic values: prevention, education, solidarity, empathy, healthcare, and research.